昨日的世界——一個歐洲人的回憶
我常在想，如果茨威格沒有在二戰期間自殺，而是再等一等，看到和平的光景重臨世界，他是否還有勇氣，重拾對人類理性與文明的信心？
茨威格（Stephen Zweig, 1881-1942）是二十世紀初奧地利最出名的文學家，擅長以心理分析的手法寫作歷史傳記、小說、戲劇。不熟悉他的人，只要想下<一個陌生女人的來信>的風格，即可領會其聚焦於人物內心而非情節事件的寫作旨趣。就最淺層次上，這種近乎意淫於自我的作品與人物不是我的菜。我務實得很，覺得現實就是現實，它的存在銅墻鐵壁一般地證明自身的不可摧毀；他卻始終致力於揭示人類情感、觀念、思想、想象的真實存在與力量，以見事件、社會、歷史無非只是內在意念的外在顯現。幸抑不幸，我依然沉迷於他所編織的《昨日的世界》。過去十幾年，它一直是我最愛的書之一，提供了許多的力量。
這是本個人傳記，副標題卻是“一個歐洲人的回憶”。此中含義不言而喻：他不能接受現代政治國家對歐洲文化以及個人身份的強行歸附，更抗拒以種族、宗教來區分文明與人格的高下低劣。一個浪漫理想、無可救藥的人文主義者——這是一個真正的詩人，雖然他不以詩歌見長。我不知道他什麼時候長成這樣了。在這本傳記中——當然，這是一本傳記，寫作與自我審視帶著強烈的後設視角——仿佛從出生的那一刻他就是堅定的人文主義者。猶太人，出生於富商家庭，在維也納這個文藝聖地度過最燦爛光輝的青少年時期，隨著奧、德合併，他被變成德國人。經歷了二戰的德國猶太富商之子，這個身份說明了一切。伴隨著政治壓迫與種族滅絕，是隨之而來的對人性、文明、文化、政治、身份等一系列的叩問，這都會反過來影響他的自我標籤。但是，茨威格不是思想家，在這些問題上並沒有多少深刻洞見，他是個詩人，面對無窮黑暗的人類，深刻地絕望，絕望至死。
我用了一些時間與思考，才多少理解那種希望再次破滅之後的絕望。書中曾經用洋溢的筆調，寫第一次世界大戰結束之後，所有人歡欣鼓舞地建設這個世界。經過近乎二十年的努力，這個世界逐步從瘋狂的廢墟中恢復了，甚至繁庶勝於以往，人們以為文明理性之光終究戰勝了一切。然而，更大規模的仇恨和殺戮即刻來臨，它跟你說：你們所謂的文明建設工作，無非都是西西弗推石頭，沒有用的。1942年2月，茨威格與妻子雙雙自殺於巴西，留下遺書，說明他是自覺自願地與人生訣別，在離開了歐羅巴那個精神家園後，已再沒有力量重來。
早上，我把他的故事與感受說給朋友聽。她在第一瞬間脫口而出：“我明白那種感受，存在主義之所以那麼風行，不是沒有緣故的。”她指的是每況愈下的台灣以及大陸社會中，所謂的“存在即合理”的論調。這個社會依然以它最不可思議的厚顏無恥，碾壓著明天與希望、生命與理想。
扯遠了，其實我們講起這本書，只是在討論歐洲旅遊的樂趣。她回憶起在英國看話劇時，每次都會經過王爾德被枷鎖示眾的月台，在那瞬間激動不已；而我，尚停留在想象中，講到巴黎某個修道院背後有一個小酒店，鮮花開放、安寧無比，茨威格的行李在那裡被某個公然上門冒領的小偷、隨後又送回來的趣事。巴黎是他的愛，那裡還有他最愛的羅曼·羅蘭。二戰爆發前夕，德國的茨威格與法國的羅曼·羅蘭互相知道了彼此的存在，遂致力於聯合歐洲文藝界人士，以期對抗、消弭歐洲各國之間日益增長的仇恨之情，甚至在瑞士召開了文藝聯會。當然，大家都讀過歷史，愛與和平絲毫不能抵抗轟炸機。不過，就是在那些交流往來中，發生了這麼件小趣事。
這些小趣事，還有那些浪漫的歐洲文藝情懷，是《昨日的世界》讓我如此迷戀的原因，絕非全在於那震人心弦的人生結局。第一次讀它的時候是大一，書中描寫的維也納全盛時期的光芒震爍了年輕的我。大四的時候，我拿著英譯本，跑去新建的光華樓草地上，用破破爛爛的英語重溫書中的場景。那時的中產階級家庭都會穿著漂漂亮亮的衣服上劇院，那時的維也納少年在枯燥的中學校園中一起寫詩、寫劇評，有個（名字我忘了的）青年詩人寫出了最美麗的德語詩，將這種語言的音樂性表現得淋漓盡致，為此我一度幻想學德語。在他成名之後，他有個美麗的小別墅，時不時召開沙龍。希特勒雖然下令全國銷毀他的著作，私底下卻是他的忠實書迷，緣是之故，茨威格時不時得到保護。他還寫到戰爭期間，坐在擁擠的火車來到瑞士，喝上久違的咖啡、抽著第一口煙的感覺，以及某次在酒店親眼見到高官間諜被逮捕的場景。所有的一切，都灰飛煙滅了。停在昨日的回憶中，以及我虛幻的想象中。
這種虛幻想象的魅力與永恆，正是最吊詭的地方。他自殺於對人類理性與文明的絕望，卻以文字保存了世界曾經的光輝。荒謬中的閃光。去年的電影《布達佩斯飯店》，據說是向他（以及另一位猶太作家本傑明）致敬的。關於電影近乎強迫症的美學拍攝手法，大家討論得不亦樂乎。這部電影笑中帶淚的黑色幽默，讓我無所適從，但生存可能就是那樣的。你想著，在經歷了幾千年的廝殺之後，竟然還是來到了今天。依然霧霾與陽光一起繼續鋪滿世間。他在遺書中說：
朋友們，願你們在漫漫長夜後還能等來旭日東升，而我，這個性急的人，想先行一步。
這麼多年來，我一直以為他是戰爭前幾個月去世，遺憾不已，剛才發現必須還得再打三年仗，二戰才會結束。可是，幾個月或幾年，重要嗎？有一個和風煦日沒有黑夜的時代嗎？
last but not the least，必須謹慎他那些讓人意亂情迷的敘述。今年春節在家重讀他的《異端的權利》，寫宗教改革者加爾文與其對手，一度被他的激情迷亂。他的強烈愛惡之情，有時未免過分簡化了歷史與生活的維度。同樣是解釋二次世界大戰為何爆發，政治家丘吉爾就完全不是這個論調。只是，這麼多年來，我還是沒有讀完丘先生那厚厚的回憶錄。
October 8th, 2022 at 3:11 am
If slme oone neefs tօo bee updateed wіth neweset technologies
afterwrd hee mսst bbe ggo too seee tһus wweb psge annd
bee upp tto dzte daily.
October 8th, 2022 at 5:07 am
slot online wikislot ba65a40
October 8th, 2022 at 8:10 am
I’m really impressed with your writing skills as well as with the layout on your weblog.
Is this a paid theme or did you modify it yourself?
Either way keep up the nice quality writing, it’s rare to see
a nice blog like this one today.
October 8th, 2022 at 9:03 am
It’s an amazing piece of writing in favor of all the online
visitors; they will get advantage from it I am
sure.
October 8th, 2022 at 9:04 am
Have you ever thought about including a little bit more than just your articles?
I mean, what you say is valuable and everything.
Nevertheless think about if you added some great images or video clips to give your posts more, “pop”!
Your content is excellent but with pics and videos, this site could undeniably be one of
the greatest in its niche. Amazing blog!
October 8th, 2022 at 11:48 am
furosemide and pregnancy furosemide 30 mg renal scan lasix
October 8th, 2022 at 11:52 am
Hi, i believe that i noticed you visited my site so i got
here to go back the prefer?.I’m trying to find things to improve my website!I suppose its good enough to use a few
of your concepts!!
October 8th, 2022 at 1:13 pm
You made some good points there. I checked on the internet to find
out more about the issue and found most individuals will go along
with your views on this website.
October 8th, 2022 at 2:29 pm
Thanks for building this great article without doubts is very good
October 8th, 2022 at 6:33 pm
If some one needs expert view on the topic of running a
blog then i suggest him/her to visit this website, Keep up the nice job.
October 8th, 2022 at 6:49 pm
And on the second the massive banks are throwing billions of dollars at digital yearly,
right.
October 8th, 2022 at 11:31 pm
I like reading through an article that can make men and women think.
Also, many thanks for allowing for me to comment!
October 9th, 2022 at 1:49 am
Online kasiino saidid erinevad mitmete kriteeriumide poolest, mida tuleb arvesse votta, et valida parim sait: https://steemit.com/kasiino/@kasinoid/mis-on-garantii-online-kasiino-terviklikkuse-kohta Parimad online kasiinod leiad alati Eesti Kasiino lehelt.
October 9th, 2022 at 1:59 am
I have learn some just right stuff here. Definitely worth
bookmarking for revisiting. I wonder how so much attempt you set to create the sort of
great informative web site.
October 9th, 2022 at 2:07 am
lisensi windows 8.1 gratis
Merry go round » Blog Archive » 昨日的世界——一個歐洲人的回憶
October 9th, 2022 at 2:09 am
A fascinating discussion is definitely worth comment.
I do believe that you need to publish more on this subject, it may
not be a taboo matter but generally people do not talk about such subjects.
To the next! All the best!!
October 9th, 2022 at 3:34 am
allergic reaction to furosemide furosemide 40 mg tablets furosemide 40 mg myl
October 9th, 2022 at 4:06 am
Veery quiuckly his wweb sitte ѡill bee famjous
aamid alll bloggig aand site-building սsers, duee tto it’s fastifious articles
October 9th, 2022 at 4:29 am
China is expected to see 5.75 million railway passenger trips on Monday, the third day of the weeklong National Day holiday, according to the national railway operator.
A total of 7,858 trains have been arranged to handle the holiday travel rush on Monday, according to China State Railway Group Co., Ltd.
On Sunday, China’s railways handled about 6.45 million passenger trips, the railway operator said.
Local railway authorities across the country have ratcheted up transportation capacity, improved services and adhered to epidemic prevention measures such as disinfection, body temperature screening, as well as health code and travel code checks.
China’s railways are expected to handle 68.5 million passenger trips during the 11-day National Day holiday travel rush, lasting from Sept. 28 to Oct. 8, 2022.
October 9th, 2022 at 7:58 am
Magnificent web site. A lot of helpful information here. I’m sending it
to some buddies ans also sharing in delicious. And obviously, thanks for your effort!
October 9th, 2022 at 9:18 am
Keep on working, great job!
October 9th, 2022 at 9:57 am
Write more, thats all I have to say. Literally, it seems as
though you relied on the video to make your point. You definitely
know what youre talking about, why throw away your intelligence on just posting videos
to your site when you could be giving us something informative to read?
October 9th, 2022 at 5:56 pm
TikTok star known for dance videos in which she wears colorful party clothes -https://valentinaof4.com/ She has earned more than 20 million followers
October 9th, 2022 at 9:31 pm
Money is the most basic thing we use to trade for goods and services, but it takes on many shapes and forms. This section will help you determine what type of money works best for your business.
Kreditni skore: co to je a jak ji pouzivat?
October 9th, 2022 at 9:31 pm
Whether you’re saving for a new car or building a portfolio for retirement, managing your money can help you achieve your goals and make sure that your hard work is rewarded in the end. Learn more about investing, borrowing, and budgeting with a financial advisor at this free event.
Авток?лік несиесі немесе б?ліп т?леу ?айсысын та?дау керек
October 9th, 2022 at 9:32 pm
Money. In a world full of finance, we want to help you feel good about where your money goes and how it makes you feel. Show us what’s important to you: How do your finances make you feel?
Kreditni skore: co to je a jak ji pouzivat?
October 9th, 2022 at 9:44 pm
metolazone and furosemide furosemide vs bumetanide water pill lasix
October 9th, 2022 at 11:07 pm
Medication information for patients. Effects of Drug Abuse.
get plavix
Everything news about medicine. Read here.
October 10th, 2022 at 1:03 am
Гидромотор
October 10th, 2022 at 1:10 am
Pretty component to content. I simply stumbled upon your website
and in accession capital to claim that I acquire actually loved account your weblog posts.
Anyway I will be subscribing for your feeds or even I fulfillment you get right of entry to consistently rapidly.
October 10th, 2022 at 1:36 am
ремонт импортных гидронасосов
October 10th, 2022 at 1:36 am
Гидромотор
October 10th, 2022 at 1:36 am
ремонт импортных гидромоторов
October 10th, 2022 at 4:31 am
continuously i used to read smaller articles that as well clear
their motive, and that is also happening with this article which I am reading at this
time.
October 10th, 2022 at 5:51 am
Very energetic post, I enjoyed that a lot.
Will there be a part 2?
October 10th, 2022 at 6:10 am
Thanks for building this great content without questions is very informative
October 10th, 2022 at 7:22 am
Гидронасос
October 10th, 2022 at 8:33 am
Currently it seems like BlogEngine is the top blogging platform out there right now.
(from what I’ve read) Is that what you are using on your blog?
October 10th, 2022 at 9:36 am
First of all I would like to say awesome blog! I had a quick question that I’d like to ask if you do not mind.
I was interested to find out how you center yourself and clear your head before writing.
I’ve had trouble clearing my thoughts in getting
my thoughts out. I truly do take pleasure
in writing however it just seems like the first 10 to 15 minutes are usually
wasted just trying to figure out how to begin. Any ideas or
hints? Appreciate it!
October 10th, 2022 at 10:12 am
Very nice post. I just stumbled upon your weblog and wanted to say that I have
truly enjoyed browsing your blog posts. After all I will be subscribing
to your feed and I hope you write again very soon! https://gotartwork.com/Profile/vape090-shop/173467/
October 10th, 2022 at 10:13 am
I’m really impressed with your writing skills and also with the
layout on your weblog. Is this a paid theme or did you modify it yourself?
Anyway keep up the nice quality writing, it’s rare to see a great blog
like this one nowadays. https://slides.com/instagram666
October 10th, 2022 at 11:26 am
Yesterday, while I was at work, my cousin stole my apple ipad and tested to see if it can survive a 40 foot drop, just
so she can be a youtube sensation. My apple ipad is now broken and she
has 83 views. I know this is entirely off topic but I had
to share it with someone!
October 10th, 2022 at 12:33 pm
Find out if you’re in the top 2% of savers.
Por que son necesarios los recibos de deposito
October 10th, 2022 at 2:08 pm
lamisil gel where to buy
Merry go round » Blog Archive » 昨日的世界——一個歐洲人的回憶
October 10th, 2022 at 2:09 pm
Login to the casino, they accept players worldwide and have a huge selection of games to play.
https://www.letsrun.com/forum/flat_read.php?thread=11544688#post-1
October 10th, 2022 at 4:36 pm
Психологи Москвы
October 10th, 2022 at 5:02 pm
You can store, transfer and manage your money with ease. Manage all your finances in one app: keep track of income and expenses, send money to friends or family
Fundusze inwestycyjne: jak dzialaja i jak na nich zarabiac
October 10th, 2022 at 5:07 pm
Get ready to win with Joe Fortune Casino! Register to be the first to claim their daily prize giveaways, special monthly giveaways and more. Sign up now and get $10 free!
https://classicalwisdom.com/forums/topic/joe-fortune-casino-24-hour-slot-machines-in-australia/
October 10th, 2022 at 6:08 pm
Smartproxy is one of the best proxy provider services you can find for residential and business use: https://www.facebook.com/bestproxyservers There are quite a few features that make Smartproxy one of the top contenders in the best proxy server service space
October 10th, 2022 at 8:00 pm
https://hleb-produkt.ru/novosti/27083-preimuschestva-akciy-gazproma.html